Coherer.



O. D. LANNING.

OOHERER.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.1, 19oz. EENEWED D2013, 1910.

Patented Mar. 5, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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GOHERER.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.1, 1902. RENEWED DEC. 13, 1910.

1,019,260, Patented Marf5,1912.

2 SHEETSSH3ET L.

' 7 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

' CHARLES D. LANNING, 015 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

1,019,260. 'Application filed December 1, 1902, Serial No. 133,335. Renewed December 13, 1910. Serial No. 597,151.

ooHEnER.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES D. LANNING,

a. citizen of the United States, residing at Bostoinin the county of Suffolk and State of h'lassachusetts, have invented an Improve ment in Coherers, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like letters on the drawings representing like parts. My invention relates. to imperfect contacts used in receiving apparatus for electric currents and particularly to those forms of imperfect contacts known .as coherers, having reference to. the means employed for temporarily rendering such normally imperfect contacts more perfect and to other elements with which such contacts may be combined.

. (-ircuitwiththeassociated parts combined As usually employedein well-known forn'is of cohercrs, such, for instance, as those used by llliarconi,- the local circuit which it is de-- sired to control, passes through the cohcrer .and the receiving circuit for causing coherence in the coherer and controlling the local circuit also passes through the coherer in parallel with the local circuit. An electrical in'ipulse of some kind being received, the contact or coherer is influenced thereby. so asto increase its conductivity and the local circuit is thereupon completed and the ap: propriate apparatus actuated.

My invention provides a new and improved form of coherei', together with an improved means for actuating the same, providing, when it is so desired, an actuating circuitand a coherercircuit normally out of electri -al -contact with each other.

My invention will be bestunderstood from a description and illustration of one specific cnibodin'icnt thereof, while its scope will he more particularly pointed out in the up pended claims. i

- Referring to the dra\vings,-Figure' 1 is a view in section showing a cohercr within an actuating coil in the receiving circuit and illustrating one embodiment of my invenlirm; Fig. 2 shows a; modification of the arrangement. illustrated in Fig: 1; Fig. 3 shou'szn further modification of the same; Fig. 4 shows l-iagrammatically a receiving tl'icrewith om JlOVlll".-' a coherer actuated as shown in Fig. 1; F 1g. 5 is a diagra-nnnatic view of receiving device employing a periodically interrupted tapper for the co- Patented Mar. 5, 1912.

herer; Fig. '6 is a plan view of a portion of the receiving apparatus diagrammatically shown in Fig. 5; and, Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the same.

In the drawing, referring particularly to Fig. 1, a is a coherer actuating coil adapted to beplaced preferably in series with the receiving circuit or in a secondary circuit to! are suitablyconnectcd bydhc adjustably mounted rods, 0, e, to the local cohercr circuit, being preferably in series with the same. The rods, 0, c, are supported between theadjustabletl'unnl' scrc\vs, f and f. whereby provision is made for delicately adjusting the position of" the cohercr relatively to the magnetic field created by the coil (1- as well as varying the contact between the individ- 'ual coherer particles.

lhe particles 71 are so arranged as to permit of a certain freedom of movement, the circuit. passing through the cohcrcr at or during periods of dcenergizatiou of the actuating coil. being normally broken or interrupted for the passage of any appreciable currentthercthrough. on account of the insuilicicnt. imperfect or irregular oontact of the loosely separated magnetic particles between the conducting plates. (Z, a. .I have. found however. that on passage of an electric impulse through the coil (1., inducing, thereby a magnetic field having the resultantof its lines of force substantially coincident with the axis of the cohercr. the loose individual particles therein assume a position with their longest axes parallel with the axis of the coherer. and are forced into such a state ofcohesion as to render the coherer circuit suiiiciently conductive to afford transmission therethrough of an appreciable current or of sufiicient energy for the actuation of a suitable translating device which is normally inoperative or unactuated during periods of denergization off the acactuating coil may beiit-ilized in the receiving circuits of Hertzian wave'system in place of the ordinary-forms of coherer, or may be 5 employed in other suitable relations to respond to any desired manifestation of electrical en'ergy,-such," for instance, as slight telephonic currents,-it being understood that the electrical proportions of the coil,

to as well ,as the form and arrangement of the same will ,be varied to suit the demands of the occasion, and will be determined "by principles well-known .to those skilled in. the art. In Fig. 2,1 have shown a similar co- ,herer actuating coil with the contact inclosed -"withifr. a glass coherer tube, 9, as 'is ordivention is not limited to the granular con-- 80 tactin the coherer shown, the specific details for which,v are, submitted for illustrative purpbses only It will also be obvious that the coherer ihlch I have illustrated may be arranged ini' lf any suitable electro-magnehic 85 relation to the receiving circuit, the actuating helix which I have shown and the position of the coherer thereiptbeing well suited to carry out' my invention in practice, the

position=shown in Fig. 1' serving to bring an 40 intimate relation" between the coherer and the magnetism created by the coil.

In.'Fig-.--' 41 ha've shown diagrammatically an earrangement 'ofcircuits for the receipt of Her tzian wavsa The receiving circuit a 5 'pass'es gfu'onr the conducting plate, A; thrp lgh theactuatmg helix, a, to the groundplate E1? The; cohcrer or contact I) is suitably placed ithin the iglcctro-magnetic' in fiucncesqf the coil '6', andiis in series with the T5 po'hci'erpr local circuit containing the bat- ,teryfh, relay Z, tapper m. The latter may comprise any suitable form of tapper adapt- {ed to shake fiche contact or cause dccoherence the reef.- lfhavc-herein shown the same to consist ofIan ordinary interrupter, the arma tur eiof-whjichg is' adapted to engage witha projecting stu(l.or pin suitably attached" or qflirinefitdto "the cohergi itub'e. The" relay 1 magnet Z isadapted to iic'tuate its armature P- 0,"Qand thereby make circuit pj containing passage of an impulse through the receiving circuit 2', the cohercr, which normally interrupts the local circuiti causing thereby the ranslating device, 1', and the intermediate tuating coil. This form of coherer with its connection with Fig. 5.

"battery 1 and translating device 7'. On the" connections to be "deenergized, is" actuated and caused to-complete the localcircuit j,

which operates through the relay magnet, l, its armature 0 to complete the working .cir-

cuit 7'2 and energize or actuate the translatmg device 1'; During the actuation of the e herer, :the constant 'decdhering effect is decoherer employed, and o'nthe cessation of the impulse in the'receiving circuit, 2', decoherence results.

In Fig. 5 I have illustrated an arrangement of circuits -"wherein the coherer is adapted to respond to slight electric undulations of any character; and particularly those maintained under high tension; The

receiving circuit. i is in senes with the primary step-down transformer-s, the secondary of which is connected to the actuating coil a and transmits thereto the undulations transmitted throu h the receiving circuit.

The! operation of t e coherer audits associated apparatus .is similar in thisarran ement to that illustrated in Fig. 4. In his receiying system, however, I have so arranged the tapper or decoherer that its operation is periodically interrupted, the duration of its operative period being as long as is necessary to efi'ect'the necessary decoheren'ce. Instead of placing thetapper in series with the coherer circuit, I have herein shown it in series with a circuit in shunt to the translating device r and in'series with the interrupter B. This interrupter consists of theclock actuated contact disk, t, normally prevented from rotation by the arma-J ture u of the elect-ro-magnet '0 but adapted on the excitation of said magnet to be released therefrom and to rotate at a predetermined rotation under the influence of any suitable clock-work train. The' disk t carries the contact to suitably connected through a contact ring and brush with the tapper m and adapted to make contact once each revolution with the brush orwiper, a:, suitably connected to the magnet coil 1), and thereupon to'complete thetapper circuit. It is'ob'vious that on the excitation. of the working circuit 79 the magnet Q; will be energized-and the interrupter set. in operation; which will cause a dccohering effect to be maintained for a limited time once each revolution of the contact disk.

In Figs. 6 and 7 I have shown respectively 'the elevation and plan of an apparatus comprising the transformer s, the tapper 'm, the coherer and its actuating coil a, described in The tapper is herein shown as engaging the pin or stud, '11, suitably secured to the spool upon which the coil a is wound. a

It will be obvious that I am in no wise limited to the specific details which I have herein illustrated, or to the assemblage of parts as a whole, since these have been submaintained, by theitapper or other form of mitted-for illustrative purposes only and may be widely varied aitd altered without departing from the spirit of my invention.

"Claims:

1. In a receiver for electrical impulses, the combination with a: receiving circuit of a second circuitcontaining a coherer-normally interrupting the same, said coherer being out of electrical contact with said receiving circuit, b'ut elect'ro-magnetically actuated thereby to complete said second circuit.- v

2. The combination with a receiving. circuit of a second circuit out of electrical contact therewith normally interrupted by an imperfect contact, .said contact comprising relatively adjustable.

a plurality of-loosemagnetic particles within the magnetic influence of the receiving circuit.

3. In a' receiver for electrical impulses the combination with a receiving circuit of a second circuit normally interrupted by an imperfect contact, said contact -comprising a plurality of loose magnetic particles within the magnetic influence of the receiving circuit and adapted to be.brought into a state of coherence on the passage of an impulse -through said receiving circuit.

4. In a receiver for electrical impulses,

the combination with a receiving circuit of a second circuit containing a coherer normally interrupting the same, said coherer bein out of electrical contact with said receiving circuit, and a coherer actuating coil in said receiving circuit surrounding said coherer. 5. In a receiver for electrical impulses, the'combination with a receiving circuit of a second circuit out of electrical contact therewith, and normally interrupted by an imperfect contact, said contact comprising loose magnetic materials in non-conductive contact and an actuating coil in said re ceiving circuit surrounding said contact.

6. In a receiver for electrical impulses, the combination with a receiving circuit of a second circuit containing a coherer normally interrupting the same, and a coherer actuating coil in said receiving circuit surrounding said coherer, said coherer and coil being 7. In a receiver forelectricai impulses thecombination with areceiving circuit of. a second circuitcontaining a coherer normally interruptingthe same, said coherer being out of electrical contact with said receiving circuit, but electro-magnetically actuated thereby to complete said second circuit and dee'ohering means actuated by. said second circuit.

8. In a receiver for electrical impulses the combination of .an imperfect electrical contact, means for shaking the contact actuated by a circuit energized on the mak-v ing of said contact and means for periodically interrupting the operation of 'said shaking means. i

9. In a receiver for electrical impulses, a receiving circuit, a second circuit contain= ing a coherer normally interrupting the same, said coherer comprising a, plurality of loose magnetic particles within the magnetic influence of said reoeiving'circuit, and decohering means actuated by-said second circuit subject in its operation to periodic interruption.-

10. In a receiver -for electrical impulses, a receiving circuit, a secondary circuit, a step-down transformer interposed between the receiving circuit and secondary circuit, a local circuit normally interrupted by a coherer within the electro-magnetic infillence of the secondary circuit.

11. In a receiver for electrical impulses, an actuating coil or helix wound upon a core of magnetic material, said core having a gap within said coil and a coherer located within said coil and in the gap formed in 'said core.

12. In a receiver for electrical impulses, a hollow tube or sleeve containingmagnetio materials normally in loose non-conductive contact interposed between conducting plugs or terminals, an actuating coil surrounding said sleeve, a projecting stud or pin associated with said sleeve and a tapper for engaging said pin.

13. In a receiver for electrical impulses, the combination with a receiving circuit, of a second circuit normally interrupted by an imperfect contact, said contact comprising a plurality of loose, non-initially magnetized magnetic particles within the magnetic influence of the receiving circuit and adapted to be brought into a state of coherence onthe passage of an impulse through said receiving circuit.

14. In a receiver for electrical. impulses the combination with a receiving circuit of a second circuit out of electrical contact with said receiving circuit and containing an impcrfect contact, the interruption and comletion of said second circuit through said imperfect contact being caused through the electro-magnetic control of said imperfect contact by said receiving circuit.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. 

